Sudan
Sudan: a protracted SAF-RSF war with regional stakes and a severe humanitarian toll
Sudan is the setting of a national power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by Abdelfattah al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Fighting began on 15 April 2023 and remained active in 2026. SAF still controls much of the country, but the RSF has narrowed the military gap, improved its weapons and command structures, and established a parallel Government of Peace and Unity in 2025.
Reporting links the war to over 15 million displaced people, attacks on healthcare and documented sexual violence, including against men. A 2 April 2026 drone attack reportedly killed 10 people, including seven medical staff. China, Russia, Iran, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates have interests or alleged links to the conflict. Dialogue remains contested, while sanctions and a flight ban are live issues in reporting. The supplied record offers limited detail on territorial changes and diplomatic outcomes.
- SAF and RSF have fought for control of Sudan since 15 April 2023; the conflict remained active in 2026.
- SAF retains much of Sudan, but has struggled to defeat an RSF with stronger weapons and command structures.
- RSF faces accusations of crimes against humanity, sexual violence and genocide against non-Arabs.
- Over 15 million people are reported displaced; the UN documents sexual violence and supports male survivors.
- External stakes include Egypt's security concerns, China's investments, Russia's gold interests and alleged UAE and Iranian support.
- Dialogue calls are disputed, with critics alleging a bid for legitimacy rather than a route to ending the war.
Synthesised from 40 sourced claims across our published briefings.
The complete claim-by-claim ledger for Sudan — every sourced report with its Admiralty grade, confidence, and the briefs that cited it — is on the Analyst plan.
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